transport road speed

 

скорость транспорта
V_o
Наибольшая скорость передвижения крана в транспортном положении, обеспечиваемая собственным приводом.

[ ГОСТ 27555-87 ИСО 4306/1-85]

Тематики

• кран

Обобщающие термины

• параметры
• скорости рабочих движений

EN

• transport (road) speed

FR

• vitesse de route

Автоматика: скорость транспорта (напр. при передвижении крана собственным приводом)

1) скорость (линейная, угловая); частота вращения; число оборотов || скоростной

2) быстродействие || быстродействующий

3) величина вектора скорости, абсолютная величина вектора скорости

4) ускорять

•

- AC motor speed

1) = safety barrier

2) дорога; путь; шоссе; улица; мостовая; II дорожный

- road adherence

- road adhesion

- road capacity

- road carpet

- road circuits

- road crust

- road curve

- road grader

- road guard

- road haulage

- road holding

- road-holding ability

- road-holding property

- road junction

- road laws

- road oil

- road oiler

- road race

- road surface ripple

- road surfacing

- road test

- road-test car

- road toll

- access road

- all-weather road

- approach road

- arterial road

- asphalt road

- auto-road

- axial road

- backbone road

- barreled road

- Belgian pave road

- belt road

- bituminous macadam road

- black-top road

- blind curved road

- brick road

- bridge road

- broken-stone road

- brushwood road

- bumpy road

- busy road

- by-road

- by-pass road

- camber road

- cambered road

- carriage road

- carriageable road

- cart road

- cement-bound road

- cement-bound macadam road

- circumferential road

- clay-and-gumbo road

- clinker road

- cold bituminous road

- coloured concrete road

- concrete road

- condemned road

- converging roads

- corduroy road

- corrugated road

- country road

- county road

- cross-over road

- crowned road

- development road

- divided road

- motor road

- dry road

- dustless road

- earth road

- earth graded road

- earthen road

- elevated road

- estate road

- exposed road

- fair-weather road

- farm-to-market road

- federal aid road

- feeder road

- first-class road

- forked road

- good road

- graded earth road

- granular-type road

- gravel road

- gravel top soil road

- greasy road

- gutter road

- hard-surface road

- hay road

- heavily trafficked road

- heavy road

- heavy gumbo-soil road

- high road

- hillside road

- hollow road

- horse road

- horseshoe road

- ice road

- impassable road

- improved road

- industrial road

- industrial high-type road

- lateral road

- levee road

- level road

- local road

- loose-surface road

- lumber plank road

- macadam road

- main road

- metal road

- metalled road

- military trunk road

- minor road

- motor road

- motor trunk road

- muddy road

- national road

- natural road

- newly-located road

- outer circular road

- overhead road

- paved road

- plank road

- poor road

- pot-holed road

- primary road

- primitive road

- public road

- rain-drenched road

- reserved road

- unpaved road

- upward sloping road

- transport area

- civil transport

- commercial transport

- common transport

- individual transport

- internal work transport

- long-range transport of pollutants

- mechanical transport

- medical transport

- motor transport

- organisation transport

- short-distance transport

- tactical transport

- unit transport

 

тестирование пропускной способности дорог
Тест, предназначенный для определения оптимальной длины автобусных колонн с целью ускорения движения в горах транспорта и приведения результатов моделирования системы в соответствии с реальными показателями.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

EN

road capacity test
Test designed to identify the optimal length of bus convoys to speed up mountain transport and fine tune the simulation system results with real data.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

Тематики

• спорт (управление Играми)

EN

• road capacity test

SUBJECT AREA: Automotive engineering, Land transport

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In 1884 Butler patented a design for a motor tricycle that was shown that year at the Stanley Cycle Show and in the following year at the Inventions Exhibition. In 1887 he patented his "Petrol-tricycle", which was built the following year. The cycle was steered through its two front wheels, while it was driven through its single rear wheel. The motor, which was directly connected to the rear wheel hub by means of overhung cranks, consisted of a pair of water-cooled 2 1/4 in. (57 mm) bore cylinders with an 8 in. (203 mm) stroke working on the Clerk two-stroke cycle. Ignition was by electric spark produced by a wiper breaking contact with the piston, adopted from Butler's own design of electrostatic ignition machine; this was later replaced by a Ruhmkorff coil and a battery. There was insufficient power with direct drive and the low engine speed of c.100 rpm, producing a road speed of approximately 12 mph (19 km/h), so Butler redesigned the engine with a 6 3/4 in. (171 mm) stroke and a four-stroke cycle with an epicyclic reduction gear drive of 4:1 and later 6:1 ratio which could run at 600 rpm. The combination of restrictive speed-limit laws and shortsightedness of his backers prevented development, despite successful road demonstrations. Interest was non-existent by 1895, and the following year this first English internal combustion engined motorcycle was broken up for the scrap value of some 163 lb (74 kg) of copper and brass contained in its structure.

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- dope the motor

- motor benzol

- motor-borne

- motor braking

- motor bus lines

- motor cab

- motor car

- motor-car set

- motor depot

- motor drawn

- motor drive

- motor-driven

- motor driven air compressor

- motor engine

- motor fire-engine

- motor fuel

- motor fuel constituent

- motor grader

- motor-home

- motor industry

- motor-lift plow

- motor lorry

- motor-lorry workshop

- motor-mounted bicycle

- motor mower

- motor water car

- motor-way

- actuating motor

- adjustable-speed motor

- asynchronous motor

- brake motor

- canned motor

- geared-down motor

- hoisting motor

- hydraulic motor

- hysteresis motor

SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives, Steam and internal combustion engines

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Orphaned as a child, Hamilton went to work for Southern Pacific Railroad in his teens, and then worked for several other companies. In his spare time he learned mathematics and physics from a retired professor. In 1911 he joined the White Motor Company, makers of road motor vehicles in Denver, Colorado, where he had gone to recuperate from malaria. He remained there until 1922, apart from an eighteenth-month break for war service.

Upon his return from war service, Hamilton found White selling petrol-engined railbuses with mechanical transmission, based on road vehicles, to railways. He noted that they were not robust enough and that the success of petrol railcars with electric transmission, built by General Electric since 1906, was limited as they were complex to drive and maintain. In 1922 Hamilton formed, and became President of, the Electro- Motive Engineering Corporation (later Electro-Motive Corporation) to design and produce petrol-electric rail cars. Needing an engine larger than those used in road vehicles, yet lighter and faster than marine engines, he approached the Win ton Engine Company to develop a suitable engine; in addition, General Electric provided electric transmission with a simplified control system. Using these components, Hamilton arranged for his petrol-electric railcars to be built by the St Louis Car Company, with the first being completed in 1924. It was the beginning of a highly successful series. Fuel costs were lower than for steam trains and initial costs were kept down by using standardized vehicles instead of designing for individual railways. Maintenance costs were minimized because Electro-Motive kept stocks of spare parts and supplied replacement units when necessary. As more powerful, 800 hp (600 kW) railcars were produced, railways tended to use them to haul trailer vehicles, although that practice reduced the fuel saving. By the end of the decade Electro-Motive needed engines more powerful still and therefore had to use cheap fuel. Diesel engines of the period, such as those that Winton had made for some years, were too heavy in relation to their power, and too slow and sluggish for rail use. Their fuel-injection system was erratic and insufficiently robust and Hamilton concluded that a separate injector was needed for each cylinder.

In 1930 Electro-Motive Corporation and Winton were acquired by General Motors in pursuance of their aim to develop a diesel engine suitable for rail traction, with the use of unit fuel injectors; Hamilton retained his position as President. At this time, industrial depression had combined with road and air competition to undermine railway-passenger business, and Ralph Budd, President of the Chicago, Burlington \& Quincy Railroad, thought that traffic could be recovered by way of high-speed, luxury motor trains; hence the Pioneer Zephyr was built for the Burlington. This comprised a 600 hp (450 kW), lightweight, two-stroke, diesel engine developed by General Motors (model 201 A), with electric transmission, that powered a streamlined train of three articulated coaches. This train demonstrated its powers on 26 May 1934 by running non-stop from Denver to Chicago, a distance of 1,015 miles (1,635 km), in 13 hours and 6 minutes, when the fastest steam schedule was 26 hours. Hamilton and Budd were among those on board the train, and it ushered in an era of high-speed diesel trains in the USA. By then Hamilton, with General Motors backing, was planning to use the lightweight engine to power diesel-electric locomotives. Their layout was derived not from steam locomotives, but from the standard American boxcar. The power plant was mounted within the body and powered the bogies, and driver's cabs were at each end. Two 900 hp (670 kW) engines were mounted in a single car to become an 1,800 hp (l,340 kW) locomotive, which could be operated in multiple by a single driver to form a 3,600 hp (2,680 kW) locomotive. To keep costs down, standard locomotives could be mass-produced rather than needing individual designs for each railway, as with steam locomotives. Two units of this type were completed in 1935 and sent on trial throughout much of the USA. They were able to match steam locomotive performance, with considerable economies: fuel costs alone were halved and there was much less wear on the track. In the same year, Electro-Motive began manufacturing diesel-electrie locomotives at La Grange, Illinois, with design modifications: the driver was placed high up above a projecting nose, which improved visibility and provided protection in the event of collision on unguarded level crossings; six-wheeled bogies were introduced, to reduce axle loading and improve stability. The first production passenger locomotives emerged from La Grange in 1937, and by early 1939 seventy units were in service. Meanwhile, improved engines had been developed and were being made at La Grange, and late in 1939 a prototype, four-unit, 5,400 hp (4,000 kW) diesel-electric locomotive for freight trains was produced and sent out on test from coast to coast; production versions appeared late in 1940. After an interval from 1941 to 1943, when Electro-Motive produced diesel engines for military and naval use, locomotive production resumed in quantity in 1944, and within a few years diesel power replaced steam on most railways in the USA.

Hal Hamilton remained President of Electro-Motive Corporation until 1942, when it became a division of General Motors, of which he became Vice-President.

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SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives

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Gresley was the son of the Rector of Netherseale, Derbyshire; he was educated at Marlborough and by the age of 13 was skilled at making sketches of locomotives. In 1893 he became a pupil of F.W. Webb at Crewe works, London \& North Western Railway, and in 1898 he moved to Horwich works, Lancashire \& Yorkshire Railway, to gain drawing-office experience under J.A.F.Aspinall, subsequently becoming Foreman of the locomotive running sheds at Blackpool. In 1900 he transferred to the carriage and wagon department, and in 1904 he had risen to become its Assistant Superintendent. In 1905 he moved to the Great Northern Railway, becoming Superintendent of its carriage and wagon department at Doncaster under H.A. Ivatt. In 1906 he designed and produced a bogie luggage van with steel underframe, teak body, elliptical roof, bowed ends and buckeye couplings: this became the prototype for East Coast main-line coaches built over the next thirty-five years. In 1911 Gresley succeeded Ivatt as Locomotive, Carriage \& Wagon Superintendent. His first locomotive was a mixed-traffic 2–6–0, his next a 2–8–0 for freight. From 1915 he worked on the design of a 4–6–2 locomotive for express passenger traffic: as with Ivatt's 4 4 2s, the trailing axle would allow the wide firebox needed for Yorkshire coal. He also devised a means by which two sets of valve gear could operate the valves on a three-cylinder locomotive and applied it for the first time on a 2–8–0 built in 1918. The system was complex, but a later simplified form was used on all subsequent Gresley three-cylinder locomotives, including his first 4–6–2 which appeared in 1922. In 1921, Gresley introduced the first British restaurant car with electric cooking facilities.

With the grouping of 1923, the Great Northern Railway was absorbed into the London \& North Eastern Railway and Gresley was appointed Chief Mechanical Engineer. More 4–6– 2s were built, the first British class of such wheel arrangement. Modifications to their valve gear, along lines developed by G.J. Churchward, reduced their coal consumption sufficiently to enable them to run non-stop between London and Edinburgh. So that enginemen might change over en route, some of the locomotives were equipped with corridor tenders from 1928. The design was steadily improved in detail, and by comparison an experimental 4–6–4 with a watertube boiler that Gresley produced in 1929 showed no overall benefit. A successful high-powered 2–8–2 was built in 1934, following the introduction of third-class sleeping cars, to haul 500-ton passenger trains between Edinburgh and Aberdeen.

In 1932 the need to meet increasing road competition had resulted in the end of a long-standing agreement between East Coast and West Coast railways, that train journeys between London and Edinburgh by either route should be scheduled to take 8 1/4 hours. Seeking to accelerate train services, Gresley studied high-speed, diesel-electric railcars in Germany and petrol-electric railcars in France. He considered them for the London \& North Eastern Railway, but a test run by a train hauled by one of his 4–6–2s in 1934, which reached 108 mph (174 km/h), suggested that a steam train could better the railcar proposals while its accommodation would be more comfortable. To celebrate the Silver Jubilee of King George V, a high-speed, streamlined train between London and Newcastle upon Tyne was proposed, the first such train in Britain. An improved 4–6–2, the A4 class, was designed with modifications to ensure free running and an ample reserve of power up hill. Its streamlined outline included a wedge-shaped front which reduced wind resistance and helped to lift the exhaust dear of the cab windows at speed. The first locomotive of the class, named Silver Link, ran at an average speed of 100 mph (161 km/h) for 43 miles (69 km), with a maximum speed of 112 1/2 mph (181 km/h), on a seven-coach test train on 27 September 1935: the locomotive went into service hauling the Silver Jubilee express single-handed (since others of the class had still to be completed) for the first three weeks, a round trip of 536 miles (863 km) daily, much of it at 90 mph (145 km/h), without any mechanical troubles at all. Coaches for the Silver Jubilee had teak-framed, steel-panelled bodies on all-steel, welded underframes; windows were double glazed; and there was a pressure ventilation/heating system. Comparable trains were introduced between London Kings Cross and Edinburgh in 1937 and to Leeds in 1938.

Gresley did not hesitate to incorporate outstanding features from elsewhere into his locomotive designs and was well aware of the work of André Chapelon in France. Four A4s built in 1938 were equipped with Kylchap twin blast-pipes and double chimneys to improve performance still further. The first of these to be completed, no. 4468, Mallard, on 3 July 1938 ran a test train at over 120 mph (193 km/h) for 2 miles (3.2 km) and momentarily achieved 126 mph (203 km/h), the world speed record for steam traction. J.Duddington was the driver and T.Bray the fireman. The use of high-speed trains came to an end with the Second World War. The A4s were then demonstrated to be powerful as well as fast: one was noted hauling a 730-ton, 22-coach train at an average speed exceeding 75 mph (120 km/h) over 30 miles (48 km). The war also halted electrification of the Manchester-Sheffield line, on the 1,500 volt DC overhead system; however, anticipating eventual resumption, Gresley had a prototype main-line Bo-Bo electric locomotive built in 1941. Sadly, Gresley died from a heart attack while still in office.

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See also: Bulleid, Oliver Vaughan Snell

travel [ˈtrævl]

1. intransitive verb

   a. ( = journey) voyager

• they have travelled a lot ils ont beaucoup voyagé

• they have travelled a long way (figurative) ils ont fait beaucoup de chemin

• as he was travelling across France pendant qu'il voyageait à travers la France

• to travel through a region ( = visit) visiter une région

• to travel light voyager léger

• he travels to work by car il va au travail en voiture

• he was travelling on a passport which... il voyageait avec un passeport qui...

   b. ( = move) aller ; [machine part] se déplacer

• to travel at 80km/h faire du 80 km/h

• you were travelling too fast vous rouliez trop vite

• light travels at a speed of... la vitesse de la lumière est de...

• news travels fast les nouvelles vont vite

2. transitive verb

• to travel a country parcourir un pays

• a much-travelled road une route très fréquentée

• they travelled 300km ils ont fait 300 km

3. noun

( = travelling) le(s) voyage(s) m(pl)

• travel was difficult in those days les voyages étaient difficiles à l'époque

• travel broadens the mind les voyages ouvrent l'esprit

4. plural noun

travels voyages mpl

• his travels in Spain ses voyages en Espagne

• he's off on his travels again il repart en voyage

• if you meet him on your travels ( = see him) si vous le rencontrez au cours de vos déplacements

5. compounds

[allowance, expenses] de déplacement

► travel agency noun agence f de voyages

► travel agent noun agent m de voyages

► travel book noun récit m de voyages

► travel insurance noun assurance f voyage

► travel-sick adjective

• to be travel-sick avoir le mal des transports ► travel sickness noun mal m des transports

► travel-sickness pill noun comprimé m contre le mal des transports

* * *

noun voyages mpl

travels plural noun voyages mpl

noun modifier [ plans] de voyage; [ brochure, company] de voyages; [ expenses] de déplacement; [ business] de tourisme; [ writer] de récits de voyage

transitive verb (p prés etc - ll-, US - l-) parcourir [country, road, distance]

intransitive verb (p prés etc - ll-, US - l-)

1) ( journey) [person] voyager

2) ( move) [person, object, plane, boat] aller; [car, train] aller, rouler; Physics [light, sound] se propager

3) Commerce ( as sales rep)

4)

- travelled GB, - traveled US combining form

travel

A n

1 gen, Tourism voyages mpl ; ( one specific trip) voyage m ; air/sea/space travel voyages aériens/par mer/spatiaux ; business/holiday travel voyages d'affaires/d'agrément ; overseas ou foreign travel voyages à l'étranger ; travel by road/train/car voyages par la route/en train/en voiture ; travel to Italy/Canada/the Far East des voyages en Italie/au Canada/en Extrême-Orient ; after 27 hours' travel, he was exhausted après 27 heures de voyage, il était épuisé ; travel is easy/expensive/dangerous in those parts il est facile/cher/dangereux de voyager dans cette région ; the job involves a lot of travel le poste exige beaucoup de déplacements ;

2 Tech course f.

B travels npl voyages mpl ; on ou in the course of my travels au cours de mes voyages ; he's off on his travels again il repart en voyage.

C modif [book, grant, plans, service] de voyage ; [brochure, company, firm, magazine] de voyages ; [allowance, voucher, expenses] de déplacement ; [business] de tourisme ; [writer] de récits de voyage ; [ban] de déplacements à l'étranger ; travel regulations règlement de passage à l'étranger ; ‘travel time: 3 hours’ ‘durée du trajet: 3 heures’.

D vtr ( p prés etc - ll-, US -l-) parcourir [country, district, road, distance].

E vi ( p prés etc - ll-, US -l-)

1 ( journey) [person] voyager ; to travel by bus/car etc voyager en bus/voiture etc ; their teacher is travelling with them leur professeur voyage avec eux ; he travels widely il voyage beaucoup ; to travel on a season ticket/German passport voyager avec un abonnement/un passeport allemand ; to travel in style voyager princièrement ; they were travelling abroad ils étaient en voyage à l'étranger ; to travel abroad/to Brazil aller à l'étranger/au Brésil ; to travel light voyager léger ; this is the way to travel! c'est comme ça que je comprends les voyages! ;

2 ( move) [person, news, object, plane, boat] aller ; [car, lorry, train] aller, rouler ; Phys [light, sound, wave] se propager ; [moving part] se déplacer ; bad news travels fast les mauvaises nouvelles vont vite ; the washing machine travels when it spins la machine à laver se déplace pendant l'essorage ; to travel at 50 km/h rouler à 50 km/h, faire du 50 km/h ; the train was travelling through a tunnel/up a hill le train traversait un tunnel/montait une pente ; the car/motorbike was really travelling ○ la voiture/moto roulait à toute vitesse ; to travel faster than the speed of sound dépasser la vitesse du son ; a bullet travels at a tremendous speed une balle file à une vitesse impressionnante ; to travel a long way [person] faire beaucoup de chemin ; [arrow] aller très loin ; to travel back in time remonter le temps ; to travel forward in time se projeter dans l'avenir ; her mind travelled back to her youth elle s'est reportée en esprit à sa jeunesse ; his eye travelled along the line of men il a promené son regard sur la rangée d'hommes ;

3 Comm ( as sales rep) to travel in être représentant en [product] ; he travels in encyclopedias il est représentant en encyclopédies ; to travel for être représentant de [company, firm] ;

4 to travel well [cheese, fruit, vegetable, wine] supporter le transport or bien voyager ;

5 Sport ( in netball) faire plus de pas qu'il n'est autorisé.

F - travelled GB, - traveled US (dans composés) much- ou well-travelled [road, route] fréquenté ; much- ou widely-travelled person personne qui a beaucoup voyagé.

travel broadens the mind ≈ les voyages forment la jeunesse.

surface ['sɜ:fɪs]

1 noun

(a) (exterior, top) surface f;

∎ the polished surface of the desk la surface polie du bureau;

∎ bubbles rose to the surface of the pond des bulles montèrent à la surface de la mare;

∎ the submarine/diver came to the surface le sous-marin/plongeur fit surface;

∎ the miners who work on the surface les mineurs qui travaillent à la surface;

∎ figurative all the old tensions came or rose to the surface when they met toutes les vieilles discordes ont refait surface quand ils se sont revus

(b) (flat area) surface f;

∎ roll the dough out on a smooth clean surface étalez la pâte sur une surface lisse et propre

(c) (covering layer) revêtement m;

∎ the pan has a non-stick surface la poêle a une surface antiadhésive ou qui n'attache pas;

∎ road surface revêtement m

(d) (outward appearance) surface f, extérieur m, dehors m;

∎ on the surface she seems nice enough au premier abord elle paraît assez sympathique;

∎ his politeness is only on the surface sa politesse est toute de surface;

∎ there was a feeling of anxiety lying beneath or below the surface on sentait une angoisse sous-jacente;

∎ the discussion hardly scratched the surface of the problem le problème a à peine été abordé dans la discussion

(e) Geometry (area) surface f, superficie f;

∎ surface of revolution surface f de révolution ou de rotation

2 intransitive verb

(a) (submarine, diver, whale) faire surface, monter à la surface; (return to surface) refaire surface, remonter à la surface

(b) (become manifest) apparaître, se manifester;

∎ he surfaced again after many years of obscurity il a réapparu après être resté dans l'ombre pendant de nombreuses années;

∎ rumours like this tend to surface every so often ce type de rumeur a tendance à refaire surface de temps à autre

(c) familiar (get up) se lever^□, émerger;

∎ he didn't surface till 11 o'clock il n'a pas émergé avant 11 heures

3 transitive verb

(put a surface on → road) revêtir; (→ paper) calandrer;

∎ the track is surfaced with cement la piste est revêtue de ciment

4 adjective

(a) (superficial) superficiel;

∎ a surface scratch une égratignure superficielle, une légère égratignure;

∎ figurative his enthusiasm is purely surface son enthousiasme n'est que superficiel

(b) (exterior) de surface;

∎ surface finish (of metal) état m de surface, finissage m;

∎ surface measurements superficie f

(c) Mining (workers) de surface, au jour; (work) à la surface, au jour; Military (forces) au sol; (fleet) de surface

►► Chemistry surface activity tensioactivité f;

surface area surface f, superficie f;

Linguistics surface grammar grammaire f de surface;

surface mail (by land) courrier m par voie de terre; (by sea) courrier m par voie maritime;

surface noise bruit m de surface;

surface speed (of submarine) vitesse f en surface;

surface structure structure f superficielle ou de surface;

surface tension tension f superficielle;

surface transport transport m terrestre et/ou maritime;

∎ by surface transport par voie de terre et/ou maritime

1) связь, система связи; средства связи

2) передача

3) взаимодействие

•

- acoustic communications

1) Fahrt, die

2) (street) Straße, die

3) (private road) Zufahrt, die; (entrance to large building) Auffahrt, die

4) (energy to achieve) Tatkraft, die

5) (Commerc., Polit., etc.): (vigorous campaign) Aktion, die; Kampagne, die

6) (Psych.) Trieb, der

7) (Motor Veh.): (position of steering wheel)

8) (Motor Veh., Mech. Engin.): (transmission of power) Antrieb, der

drove, driven

1) fahren [Auto, Lkw, Route, Strecke, Fahrgast]; lenken [Kutsche, Streitwagen]; treiben [Tier]

2) (as job)

3) (compel to move) vertreiben

4) (chase, urge on) treiben [Vieh, Wild]

5) (fig.)

6) [Wind, Wasser:] treiben

7) (cause to penetrate)

8) (power) antreiben [Mühle, Maschine]

9) (incite to action) antreiben

1) fahren

2) (go by car) mit dem [eigenen] Auto fahren

3) [Hagelkörner, Wellen:] schlagen

- academic.ru/86427/drive_at">drive at

- drive away

- drive back

- drive off

- drive on

- drive out

- drive up

* * *

1) (to control or guide (a car etc): Do you want to drive (the car), or shall I?) fahren

2) (to take, bring etc in a car: My mother is driving me to the airport.) fahren

3) (to force or urge along: Two men and a dog were driving a herd of cattle across the road.) treiben

4) (to hit hard: He drove a nail into the door; He drove a golf-ball from the tee.) schlagen

5) (to cause to work by providing the necessary power: This mill is driven by water.) betreiben

1) (a journey in a car, especially for pleasure: We decided to go for a drive.) die Fahrt

2) (a private road leading from a gate to a house etc: The drive is lined with trees.) die Auffahrt

3) (energy and enthusiasm: I think he has the drive needed for this job.) die Tatkraft

4) (a special effort: We're having a drive to save electricity.) der Antrieb

5) (in sport, a hard stroke (with a golf-club, a cricket bat etc).) der Stoß

6) ((computers) a disk drive.)

•

- driver

* * *

I. n

1. (trip) Fahrt f

to go for a \drive eine Spazierfahrt machen, spazieren fahren

let's go for a \drive in the new car lass uns eine Spritztour mit dem neuen Wagen machen fam

to go for a \drive to the mountains/seaside in die Berge/ans Meer fahren

to take sb [out] for [or on] a \drive mit jdm eine Spazierfahrt machen [o spazieren fahren]

shall I take you for a \drive to the seaside? wollen wir ans Meer fahren?

2. no pl (distance) Fahrt f

it is a 20-mile/20-minute \drive to the airport der Flughafen ist 30 Kilometer/20 Minuten [Autofahrt] entfernt, zum Flughafen sind es [mit dem Auto] 30 Kilometer/20 Minuten

a day's \drive eine Tagesfahrt

to be an hour's \drive away/within an hour's \drive eine/keine Autostunde entfernt sein

to be an hour's \drive from/within an hours' \drive of sth eine/keine Autostunde von etw dat entfernt sein

3. (road, street) [Fahr]straße f; (lane) [Fahr]weg m; (approaching road) Zufahrt f; (car entrance) Einfahrt f; (to a large building) Auffahrt f

4. no pl AUTO, TECH (transmission) Antrieb m

all-wheel \drive Allradantrieb m

front-wheel \drive Vorderradantrieb m, Frontantrieb m

5. no pl (steering)

left-/right-hand \drive Links-/Rechtssteuerung f

6. no pl (energy) Tatkraft f, Energie f; (élan, vigour) Schwung m, Elan m, Drive m; (motivation) Tatendrang m; (persistence) Biss m fam

she lacks \drive es fehlt ihr an Elan

we need a manager with \drive wir brauchen einen tatkräftigen [o dynamischen] Manager

to have [no] \drive [keinen] Schwung [o Elan] haben

he has the \drive to succeed er hat den nötigen Biss, um es zu schaffen fam

7. no pl PSYCH Trieb m

sex \drive Geschlechtstrieb m, Sexualtrieb m, Libido f fachspr

8. (campaign) Aktion f, Kampagne f

economy \drive Sparmaßnahmen pl

to be on an economy \drive Sparmaßnahmen durchführen

fund-raising \drive Spenden[sammel]aktion f

to organize a \drive to collect money eine Sammelaktion organisieren

recruitment \drive Anwerbungskampagne f

membership [recruitment] \drive Mitgliederwerbeaktion f, Mitglieder-Anwerbungskampagne f

9. SPORT (in golf, tennis) Treibschlag m BRD, ÖSTERR fachspr, Drive m fachspr; (in badminton) Treibball m BRD, ÖSTERR fachspr

10. COMPUT Laufwerk nt

disk \drive Diskettenlaufwerk nt

CD-ROM \drive CD-ROM-Laufwerk nt

hard \drive Festplatte f

11. AGR (of animals) Treiben nt kein pl

cattle \drive Viehtrieb m

II. vt

1. (steer, control)

▪ to \drive sth etw fahren

to \drive a racing car einen Rennwagen steuern

to \drive a bus/coach einen Bus lenken; (as a job) Busfahrer(in) m(f) sein

2. (transport)

▪ to \drive sb jdn fahren

to \drive sb home/to school jdn nach Hause/zur Schule fahren

3. (force onward[s])

▪ to \drive sb/an animal jdn/ein Tier antreiben; ( fig)

to \drive oneself too hard sich dat zu viel zumuten

4. (force, make go)

▪ to \drive sb/sth against/into sth jdn/etw gegen/in etw akk treiben

the rain was \driven against the windows by the wind der Wind peitschte den Regen gegen die Fenster

the wind drove the snow into my face der Wind wehte mir den Schnee ins Gesicht

the storm threatened to \drive us against the cliffs der Sturm drohte uns gegen die Klippen zu schleudern

▪ to \drive an animal into/out of sth ein Tier in etw akk /aus etw dat heraus treiben

▪ to \drive sb/an animal to sth jdn/ein Tier zu etw dat treiben

to \drive sb to the border/woods jdn zur Grenze/in den Wald treiben

5. (expel)

to \drive sb from [or out of] sth jdn aus etw dat vertreiben [o verjagen]

to be \driven from [or out of] the city/country aus der Stadt/dem Land vertrieben werden

to \drive sb from [or out of] the house jdn aus dem Haus jagen

6. (compel)

▪ to \drive sb/sth jdn/etw treiben

he was \driven by greed Gier bestimmte sein Handeln

the government has \driven the economy into deep recession die Regierung hat die Wirtschaft in eine tiefe Rezession gestürzt

the scandal drove the minister out of office der Skandal zwang den Minister zur Amtsniederlegung

banning boxing would \drive the sport underground ein Verbot des Boxsports würde dazu führen, dass dieser Sport heimlich weiterbetrieben wird

to \drive sb to despair jdn zur Verzweiflung treiben

to \drive sb to drink jdn zum Trinker werden lassen

to \drive sb to suicide jdn in den Selbstmord treiben

▪ to \drive sb to do sth jdn dazu treiben [o bewegen] [o bringen], etw zu tun

it was the arguments that drove her to leave home wegen all der Streitereien verließ sie schließlich ihr Zuhause

7. (render)

to \drive sb mad [or crazy] [or insane] ( fam) jdn zum Wahnsinn treiben, jdn wahnsinnig [o verrückt] machen fam

it's driving me mad! das macht mich noch wahnsinnig! fam

to \drive an animal wild ein Tier wild machen

to \drive sb wild (crazy, angry) jdn wahnsinnig machen fam; (aroused) jdn heißmachen sl

8. (hit into place)

▪ to \drive sth between/into/through sth etw zwischen/in/durch etw akk schlagen [o treiben]

to \drive a post into the ground einen Pfosten in den Boden rammen

9. (power)

▪ to \drive sth engine etw antreiben; COMPUT interface etw treiben [o steuern]

steam-\driven dampfbetrieben, dampfangetrieben

10. (in golf)

to \drive a ball einen Ball treiben [o fachspr driven

▶ to \drive a coach and horses through sth ( fam) etw auseinandernehmen fig fam

▶ to \drive a hard bargain hart verhandeln

you really want £2,000 for that? you certainly \drive a hard bargain! Sie wollen tatsächlich 2.000 Pfund dafür? das ist ja wohl total überzogen! fam

▶ to \drive one's message [or point] home seinen Standpunkt klarmachen

▶ to \drive a wedge between two people einen Keil zwischen zwei Menschen treiben

III. vi

1. (steer vehicle) fahren

can you \drive? kannst du Auto fahren?

can you \drive home? kannst du nach Hause fahren?

who was driving at the time of the accident? wer saß zur Zeit des Unfalls am Steuer?

to learn to \drive [Auto] fahren lernen, den Führerschein [o SCHWEIZ Fahrausweis] machen

2. (move) fahren; (travel) mit dem Auto fahren

are you going by train? — no, I'm driving fahren Sie mit dem Zug? — nein, mit dem Auto

to \drive on/past weiter-/vorbeifahren

3. (function) fahren, laufen

4. rain, snow peitschen; clouds jagen

the rain was driving down der Regen peitschte herab

the snow was driving into my face der Schnee peitschte mir ins Gesicht

the clouds were driving across the sky die Wolken jagten vorbei [o über den Himmel]

* * *

1. n

1) (AUT: journey) (Auto)fahrt f

2) (into house) Einfahrt f; (longer) Auffahrt f, Zufahrt f

3) (GOLF, TENNIS) Treibschlag m

4) (PSYCH ETC) Trieb m

5) (= energy) Schwung m, Elan m, Tatendrang m

6) (COMM, POL ETC) Aktion f

7) (MIL: offensive) kraftvolle Offensive

8) (MECH: power transmission) Antrieb m

9) (AUT) Steuerung f

10)

11) (COMPUT) Laufwerk nt

2. vt

1) (= cause to move) people, animals, dust, clouds etc treiben

2) cart, car, train fahren

3) (= convey in vehicle) person fahren

4) (= provide power for, operate) motor (belt, shaft) antreiben; (electricity, fuel) betreiben; (COMPUT) steuern

5) (TENNIS, GOLF) ball driven (spec)

6) (= cause to be in a state or to become) treiben

7) (= force to work hard) person hart herannehmen, schinden (pej)

8) tunnel treiben; well ausheben; nail schlagen

3. vi

1) (= travel in vehicle) fahren

2) (= move violently) schlagen, peitschen

* * *

drive [draıv]

A s

1. Fahrt f, besonders Ausfahrt f, Spazierfahrt f, Ausflug m:

take a drive, go for a drive → drive out A 2;

the drive back die Rückfahrt;

an hour’s drive away eine Autostunde entfernt

2. a) Treiben n (von Vieh, Holz etc)

b) Zusammentreiben n (von Vieh)

c) zusammengetriebene Tiere pl

3. JAGD Treibjagd f

4. besonders Tennis, Golf: Drive m, Treibschlag m

5. MIL Vorstoß m (auch fig)

6. fig Kampagne f, (besonders Werbe) Feldzug m, (besonders Sammel) Aktion f

7. fig Schwung m, Elan m, Dynamik f

8. fig Druck m:

I’m in such a drive that … ich stehe so sehr unter Druck, dass …

9. a) Tendenz f, Neigung f ( auch PSYCH)

b) PSYCH Trieb m: → sexual

10. a) Fahrstraße f, -weg m

b) (private) Auffahrt (zu einer Villa etc)

c) Zufahrtsstraße f, -weg m

11. a) TECH Antrieb m

b) COMPUT Laufwerk n

12. AUTO (Links- etc) Steuerung

B v/t prät drove [drəʊv], obs drave [dreıv], pperf driven [ˈdrıvn]

1. (vorwärts)treiben, antreiben:

drive all before one fig jeden Widerstand überwinden, unaufhaltsam sein

2. fig treiben:

drive sb to death (suicide) jemanden in den Tod (zum oder in den Selbstmord) treiben; → bend A 1, corner A 3, crazy 1, desperation 1, mad A 1, wall Bes Redew, wild A 9

3. einen Nagel etc treiben, schlagen, einen Pfahl rammen ( alle:

into in akk):

drive sth into sb fig jemandem etwas einbläuen; → home C 3, wedge A 1

4. (zur Arbeit) antreiben, hetzen:

a) jemanden schinden,

b) jemanden in die Enge treiben

5. jemanden veranlassen (to, into zu; to do zu tun), bringen (to, into zu), dazu bringen oder treiben ( to do zu tun):

be driven by hunger vom Hunger getrieben werden

6. jemanden nötigen, zwingen ( beide:

to, into zu;

to do zu tun)

7. zusammentreiben

8. vertreiben, verjagen ( beide:

from von)

9. JAGD treiben, hetzen, jagen

10. ein Auto etc lenken, steuern, fahren:

drive one’s own car seinen eigenen Wagen fahren

11. (im Auto etc) fahren, befördern, bringen ( alle:

to nach)

12. TECH (an)treiben:

driven by steam mit Dampf betrieben, mit Dampfantrieb

13. zielbewusst durchführen:

drive a good bargain ein Geschäft zu einem vorteilhaften Abschluss bringen;

a) hart verhandeln,

b) überzogene Forderungen stellen;

he drives a hard bargain auch mit ihm ist nicht gut Kirschen essen

14. ein Gewerbe (zielbewusst) (be)treiben

15. einen Tunnel etc bohren, vortreiben

16. besonders Tennis, Golf: den Ball driven

C v/i

1. (dahin)treiben, (dahin)getrieben werden:

drive before the wind vor dem Wind treiben

2. rasen, brausen, jagen, stürmen

3. a) (Auto) fahren, chauffieren, einen oder den Wagen steuern

b) kutschieren:

can you drive? können Sie (Auto) fahren?;

he drove into a wall er fuhr gegen eine Mauer;

drive above the speed limit das Tempolimit überschreiten

4. (spazieren) fahren

5. sich gut etc fahren lassen:

6. besonders Tennis, Golf: driven, einen Treibschlag spielen

7. zielen (at auf akk): → let¹ Bes Redew

8. ab-, hinzielen ( beide:

at auf akk):

what is he driving at? worauf will er hinaus?, was meint oder will er eigentlich?

9. schwer arbeiten (at an dat)

* * *

1) Fahrt, die

2) (street) Straße, die

3) (private road) Zufahrt, die; (entrance to large building) Auffahrt, die

4) (energy to achieve) Tatkraft, die

5) (Commerc., Polit., etc.): (vigorous campaign) Aktion, die; Kampagne, die

6) (Psych.) Trieb, der

7) (Motor Veh.): (position of steering wheel)

8) (Motor Veh., Mech. Engin.): (transmission of power) Antrieb, der

drove, driven

1) fahren [Auto, Lkw, Route, Strecke, Fahrgast]; lenken [Kutsche, Streitwagen]; treiben [Tier]

2) (as job)

3) (compel to move) vertreiben

4) (chase, urge on) treiben [Vieh, Wild]

5) (fig.)

6) [Wind, Wasser:] treiben

7) (cause to penetrate)

8) (power) antreiben [Mühle, Maschine]

9) (incite to action) antreiben

1) fahren

2) (go by car) mit dem [eigenen] Auto fahren

3) [Hagelkörner, Wellen:] schlagen

- drive at

- drive away

- drive back

- drive off

- drive on

- drive out

- drive up

* * *

Laufwerk -e n. n.

Antrieb -e m.

Aussteuerung f.

Drang ¨-e m.

Fahrt -en f.

Fahrweg -e m.

Schwung -¨e m.

Steuerung f.

Trieb -e m.

Triebwerk n. (sink) into the ground expr.

in den Boden bohren ausdr. v.

= ansteuern v.

antreiben v.

fahren v.

lenken v.

treiben v.